Method of recording the volume or sectional area or concrete in piles formed in the ground.



J. M. LEIGHTON.

METHOD OF RECORDING THE VOLUME 0R SEGTIONAL AREA OF CONCRETE IN FILESFORMED IN THE GROUND.

APPLIOATION FILED MAR. 5, 1912.

Fla. 2.

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Patented Nov. 18, 1913.

JOHN MURRAY LEIGHTON, OF BELFAST, IRELAND.

METHOD OF RECORDING THE Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed March 5, 1912.

VOLUME OR SECTIONAL AREA OF CONCRETE IN PILES FORMED IN THE GROUND.

Patented Nov. 18, 1913.

Serial No. 681,765.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN MURRAY LEIGH- TON, a subject of the King ofGreat Britain and Ireland, residing at Belfast, Ireland, have invented acertain new and useful Method of Recording the Volume or Sectional Areaof Concrete in Piles Formed in the Ground, of which the following is aspecification.

This invention refers to piles of'the kind in which a tube previouslyintroduced into the ground is filled with concrete and withdrawn,the'concrete flowing out of the lower end andfilling the hole formed bythe tube. Such piles may vary in sectional area according to the nature.of the stratum in which they are formed.

WVhen the finished pile is of greater sectional' area than the bore ofthe tube the level of the concrete within the latter will sink, ordecrease in height, in proportion to the expansion of the concrete as itflows out of the tube to fillthe opening in the ground as the tube iswithdrawn. The sectional area of the finished pile will bear the sameratio to the bore of the tube as the sinka-ge of the concrete plus therise of the tube. bears to the rise of the tube for any given length-The object of the invention is the method ofrecording the sectional areaof concrete in 'such'piles at all points in their length by means ofrecording apparatus actuated by the sinking. of the concrete in the tubein relation to the rate of withdrawal of the tube.

In order that my invention may be clearly understood I have appended anexplanatory sheet of drawings by way of illustration or example showingone method of carrying my invention into effect or practice whereon:

Figure 1 is a vertical section showing a portion of the head and base ofthe piledriver. the concrete filled into it. The float 2 rests on thesurface of the concrete. The pulling tackle 6 by means of which the tubeis withdrawn is shown hooked on to the top of the tube. The recordingapparatus 3 is attached to the piledriver near the bottom. Fig. 2 is afront view of the recording apparatus. Fig. 3 is a section of therecording apparatus.

Referring more particularly to the draw- The tube 1 is in the groundwith ings: In Fig. 1 the float 2 rests on the surface of the concrete.The line 4 is attached to the float and passes over the guide pulleys 8at the head of the piledriver and down to the recording apparatus 3where it is wound upon the drum 9. The line 5 is attached to the tube 1by means of the hook 41. It passes under the guide pulley 7 and thenceto the recording apparatus 3 where it is wound upon the drum 10.

In Fig. 2 the line 4 is attached to and wound on the drum 9 whichissecured to the pinion 11. The pinion 11 engages with the spur wheel 12to which the pinion 13 is secured and which engages with the spur wheel14 to which the drum 15 is attached. The gearing causes the surface ofthe drum 15 to revolve at a rate, say one twentyfourth that of thesurface of the drum 9. The-line 16 is attached to and wound on the drum15 and passing under and over the guide pulleys 17 and 18 is attached tothe counterweight 19. The guide 20 carries the marking point 21 andslides along the shaft. 22, the line 16 being attached to it by means ofthe set screw 23. The line 5 is wound on the drum 10 which actuates thegear wheels 24, 25, 26 and 27 in a similar manner to the gearing 11 to14 and causes the surface of the drum 28 to revolve at a speed'say onetwentyfourth that of the drum 10. In drawing the scale one twentyfourthhas been adopted for the diagram to be obtained from the recordingapparatus but it will be obvious that any desirable scale may be used. Aconvenient method of changing the scale would be by varying thediameters of the drums 9 and. 10. The grooved wheel 29is attached to thespur wheel 27. The line 40 is secured to and wound on the wheel 29 andhas the counterbalance weight 30 hung to it so as to act against thepull ofthe line 5- and keep the same in tension. The drum 28 may engagewith a projection 31 on the grooved wheel 29 so that by removing the pin32 the drum may he slid along the shaft 33 and revolved free of thegearing to facilitate examination of the diagram or the placing of thepaper in position. The shafts 33 and 22 are fixed to the frame 34 andthe various drums and gear wheels revolve on the shafts being held inposition by the collars 35, 36, and 37. The collars 35 may be pinned tothe shafts and the collars 36 may be free to slide and may be held inposition by the pin 32. The collars 37 may be made with bracketextensions to hold the guide pulleys 17 and 18.

In Fig. 3 the guide 20 carries the marking point 21 and may be balancedby means of the arm 38 and cam 39 to cause the point 21 to press againstthe drum 28 with any desired pressure. The cam 39 is placedeccentrically on the arm 38, and as shown on the diagram it is clear ofthe frame 34. Itevolving the cam half a turn brings it in contact withthe frame and moves the arm 88 slightly away from the frame. This causesthe guide 20 to turn slightly on the shaft 22 thereby Withdrawing themarking point 21 from the surface of the drum 28 when desired.

The apparatus for making the record may be contained in any suitablecase made of wood or wood and glass, but for clearness this has beenomitted on the drawings.

The tube having been driven and the concrete placed within it, the float2 with the line 4; attached is lowered into the tube until it rests onthe surface of the concrete. The lines a and 5 may be adjusted at therecording apparatus so as to bring the point 21 into contact with thedrum 28 at any convenient point. As the surface of the drum moves at aspeed proportional to that at which the tube is withdrawn, and the point21 travels at a speed proportional to that atwhich the concrete sinksthe line traced by the marking point will represent the resultant of thetwo velocities and may therefore be used to find the ratio of thesectional area of the bore of the tube to that of the finished concretepile. For instance in the example illustrated a line traced by themarking point on the paper around the drum parallel to the plane of theend of the drum 28 will indicate that the concrete within the tube hasremained at the same level for a period during which the tube was beingwithdrawn and therefore the sectional area of the finished pile would beexactly equal to the bore of the tube for that length. A line incliningto or from the plane of the end of the drum would similarly indicate anincrease or decrease in the sectional area of the finished concrete pileas compared with the sectional area of the bore of the tube.

For convenience the paper used for re cording the diagram can be ruledwith lines at different inclinations corresponding to differentsectional areas of finished piles so that the sectional area of the samecan be seen at a glance by noting the coincidence of the resultant withthe lines of known value.

Having now fully described my invention, what I claim and desire tosecure by Letters Patent is 1. In the formation of concrete piles of thekind in which a tube previously introduced into the ground is filledwith concrete and withdrawn leaving the concrete in the ground, themethod of indicating the sectional area of the concrete in the ground byutilizing any upward or downward movement of the concrete in the tube,during the withdrawal of the tube, to actuate an indicator whereby anindication is given of any want of uniformity in the change of therelative positions of the top of the concrete and the upwardly movingtube during the withdrawal of the latter.

2. In the formation of concrete biles of the kind in which a tubepreviously introduced into the ground is filled with concrete andwithdrawn leaving the concrete in the ground, the method of recordingthe sectional area of the concrete in the ground which consists inutilizing any upward or downward movement of the concrete in the tube tomove a marker on an indicator card moved at a relatively uniform rate tothe rate of withdrawal of the tube so that the marker indicates orrecords on the card the extent of any upward or downward movement of theconcrete at any or all points in the len th of the piles whereby arecord is obtained of the sectional area of the piles at any Or allpoints in their length.

In testimony whereof I afiix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

JOHN MURRAY LEIGIITON. -Witnesses ALEXANDER HAMILTON, ANDREW HAMILTON.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents, Washington, I). G.

